The physical properties of a forging that are most often of interest in product design are:

• Density
• Electrical conductivity (resistivity)
• Thermal conductivity
• Specific heat
• Coefficient of thermal expansion

Since forgings are fully dense, these properties are generally independent of process, and any variations are not usually significant. They are listed in standard reference sources, and can be used with reasonable confidence to predict real world performance.

This information was provided with permission by the Forging Industry Association at www.forging.org